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Want to apply in an IPO under HNI category? Here is a complete guide on how HNIs can bid for any public issue, types of HNI investors or HNI IPO applicants, and minimum IPO reservation for HNI investors. Also, check the HNI IPO Allotment process and rules to have a clear idea about how shares are allotted to them.
IPO or initial public offering is the best way to raise capital by issuing company’s shares to the public. It not just helps companies to fund its growth and expansion projects but also offers a great opportunity to investors to earn good returns. This is a reason why primary market has seen rising number of IPOs coming every year.
IPOs by good companies tends to get oversubscribed many times across categories. As a result, not everyone who have applied in an IPO receives allotment of shares. HNI investors are those who bid for minimum Rs 2 lakh in an IPO. Many HNIs makes a huge IPO bid to maximize the chance of IPO allotment.
Before we check how HNI can subscribe to an IPO. Let’s first understand who HNI investors are.
A public issue can have mainly 3 types of IPO investors; retail investors (RII), Non-Institutional investors (NIIs), and Qualified Institutional investors/bidders (QIBs).
HNI or High Net-Worth Individuals, as the name suggests, are those bidders who invest more than Rs 2 lakh in an IPO. Thus, the minimum bidding amount for HNI is Rs 2 lakh. Any individual who wants to makes an IPO bid for above Rs 2 lakh, he/she must bid under NII category.
All HNIs, Indian residents, NRIs, HUFs, FPIs, Trusts, corporate bodies and companies who makes an IPO application of Rs 2 lakh or above fall in NII category.
Non-institutional investors (NIIs) need not to be registered with SEBI.
In 2022, SEBI has announced new rules for NIIs and created two sub-categories for NIIs as small NIIs and Big NIIs. The new guideline were brought in to prevent mid-size investors by creating a separate category for them as small HNI.
As per the market regulatory authority SEBI, every IPO must have minimum 15% shares reserved for NIIs.
The category-wise reservation into small and big HNIs are as follows;
Now, the question is how an HNI investor can bid for an IPO. Likewise, retail investors who make an IPO application of upto Rs 2 lakh using UPI, HNIs can also place an IPO bid through UPI as the mechanism allows transactions upto Rs 5 lakh. An HNI can apply in an IPO for a bidding amount upto Rs 5 lakh through stock broker’s trading platform.
Despite SEBI has increased the UPI limit to Rs 5 lakh, in practice, most of HNI investors still prefer applying through ASBA method. To apply for an IPO under the NII category, the applicant has to fill out an ASBA form. Here, HNI investor can either invest in an IPO online through net banking account or submit a physical application form.
The blocked IPO bid amount will only be debited when shares are allotted.
Steps to apply in an IPO under HNI/NII category through ASBA;
Most HNI investors often get funding from financial institutions to bid for higher number of lots to increase the possibility of allotment. As a result, HNI category often gets heavily oversubscribed but as the category has 15% quota reserved not all HNI bidders will be allocated with shares.
Let’s discuss SEBI rules and regulations for allocation of shares to HNI investors. HNI IPO allotment is based on both the proportionate basis and lottery basis based on the number of IPO applications and category oversubscription times.
The formula for IPO allotment to HNI applicants is;
(Number of lots applied/NII category over-subscription)*Shares in 1 lot
For instance, if a public issue receives 100 times subscription in the NII category, and suppose an NII investor has applied for 1000 shares, then HNI bidder will surely be allotted with 10 shares.
However, other HNI applicants who have bid for less number of shares than category oversubscription by NIIs, lottery system will be followed for allocation of shares.
Most HNI investors take IPO funding at 8% to subscribe to an IPO.
Let’s understand how shares are allotted to HNIs when the issue gets oversubscribed.
Suppose a public issue receives 200x subscription from NIIs and all IPO applications made by NIIs are for 200 lots. Here, as every applicant has bid for issues oversubscription times hence, every HNI will be allotted with 1 lot.
For instance, if the NII category receives application for more than 200 lots, every NII bidder will be allotted with one lot and additional lots will be allotted in proportionate to share applied. Like, an investor who has applied for 300 lots, 1.5 lots will be allocated.
On the other side, applicant who has applied for less than 100 lots, lottery mechanism will be put in place. Shares will be allocated to NII bidders through draw of lots wherein minimum lots will be allotted to selected bidders subject to the minimum bidding amount of above Rs 2 lakh. Thus, allotment to all shares is not guaranteed.
At first, all IPO applications received from NIIs will be segregated based on the number of lots an applicant has applied for. Thereafter, allotment is done percentage-wise in comparison to the total subscription. If 20 HNIs bid for 40 lots, 2 HNI investors will get allotment for 1 lot, 50 NIIs applied for 150 lots, 3 bids will be selected through lottery and 1 lot will be allotted.
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Any resident in India, NRI, HUF, companies, and trust who want to invest more than Rs 2 lakh in an IPO can submit an IPO application as an HNI.
Also, any retail investor who want to invest Rs 2 lakh or more in an IPO, he/she must place an IPO bid under NII category.
No, an investor can make an IPO application either in the RII or NII category. An investor cannot bid under both categories.
If an individual places two bids as retail and HNI investor, both of the applications will be rejected.
Individuals who want to bid for less than Rs 2 lakh, the application will be placed as a retail investor while applications for more than Rs 2 lakh should be placed as an HNI.
Yes, HNI or NII can apply for an IPO through UPI because UPI virtual payment gateway allow transactions upto Rs 5 lakh thus, HNIs who want to place an IPO bid upto Rs 5 lakh can subscribe to an IPO through UPI payment gateway.
However, HNIs who want to invest above Rs 5 lakh cannot use UPI while applying for an IPO. They can submit IPO Application through net banking ASBA facility.
HNIs can place an IPO bid through the ASBA (Applications Supported by Blocked Amounts) process. They can either makes an IPO application through a net banking facility or choose to submit an offline application by filling paper-based ASBA form.
The process of applying for an IPO is the same as that of retail investors but the only thing is you have to select the HNI category. HNI can use either the net banking website or bank’s mobile application to bid for an IPO.
HNI with bidding amount ranging from Rs 2 lakh - Rs 5 lakh can also submit IPO bid with UPI.
IPO stocks are allotted to HNI investors on a proportionate or lottery basis depending upon investors application and the oversubscription in the NII category.
No, High Net-worth Individuals (HNIs) are not permitted to cancel their bids before allotment. Also, they cannot submit IPO applications at the cut-off price, to subscribe to an IPO, they have to enter price anywhere between the set price band.
Many individual today apply in the HNI category as it has a better chances of allotment. And, an HNIs who has bid for more lots than NII category oversubscription times, will surely get guaranteed allotment.
But here the biggest challenge here is to estimate or predict the oversubscription times under the NII category.
Suppose, a public issue gets subscribed 100 times by NIIs. The allotment process will be as follows;
Cut-off time is the maximum time allowed or permitted while subscribing an IPO. As per SEBI, applications in HNI category can be made by 4:00 PM on the issue closing day.
Given Rs 5 lakh maximum UPI transaction limit, HNIs can now invest in IPOs using UPI with any broker. The process to make IPO application order is same for both retail investors and non-institutional investors.
The IPO application window for HNIs remains open until 4 PM on the issue closing date. Anyone who wants to invest between Rs 2 lakh – Rs 5 lakh in an IPO must submit an IPO bid before 4 PM on the final day of bidding.